"Of all ground water pollution sources, septic tank systems and cesspools rank highest in total volume of wastewater discharged directly into soils overlying groundwater, and they are the most frequent sources of contamination."
United States Environmental Protection Agency
EPA memorandum of understanding regarding decentralized wastewater treatment.
Source: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/mou-intro-paper-081712-pdf-adobe-acrobat-pro.pdf
Source:
Position paper of the American Decentralized Wastewater Association regarding septic tank use and the environment